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REMOVE DISK FROM DRIVE"%K:"UNLESS LOGGING A NEW ONE INTO THE SYSTEM."%L:"PRESS ANY KEY FOR MENU":A$:227%M"MALLTERM -- / TILITY"%N"UNCTIONDIRECTORY INFO BANK 1BD2D12048: ADDRESS OF CP/M DISK RECORD MAPxD3D24080: ADDRESS OF CP/M DISK BLOCK ALLOC MAPI012:A%(0)0:I:A%(13)13:I1431:A%(I)0:II3264:A%(I)I:I:I6590:A%(I)I128:II9195:A%(I)I:I:A%(9 LOCKS VAILABLE ")i"RESS ANY KEY FOR MENU"%)jA$:77B)k4,3: DEFAULT TO SCREENs)l"/ ILE RINT":"SER, ILE AME, ")m U$,A$,B$)nU%(U$):U%0U15"SER # ":150)oX51:I050:B$VT$(I)XI:I50:113)pVT D2,0:D3,T:D4,SS:D5,128"1DD6:S="2T217:S020:SSR1%(S)q"31:D,T:D1,SS:D2,0:D3,T:D4,SS:D5,128"4DD6:S,T"5T18:S118:SSR2%(S)"61:D,T:D1,SS:D2,0:D3,T:D4,SS:D5,128"7DD6:S"8T1924:S018: X:XX1X:4," ";:XX-BCBCX:143-(X$)124,"";:143J-4,(A%((X$)));:A%((X$))0BCBC1]-(X$)13BC0d-Jk-Ir-K-1:15:EF150-FFF:EE1:IF64:U%(I)229149-1:U%U%(I)A$N$(I)B$T$(I)(D1((I1) 1540N0:I164:U%(I)229NI:I6490I:N0": / IRECTORY ULL": 5:E21:?0W01,8,2,"#":14,8,1501:DD1(N1)32:D,(U$):ID1D8:I,32:I0I1(CP$):1:DI,((CP$,I,1)):I0I911:1:DI,((TY$,I8, S ARE:"&O" 1 - IST / IRECTORY"0&P" 2 - IST / ILE"^&Q" 3 - NITIALIZE FOR ANOTHER / ISK"&R" 4 - ETURN TO MENU"&S"RESS KEY FOR DESIRED FUNCTION"&TA$:A$""84&U(A$)45125,0&V(A$)35125,1&W( 6)44:I97122:A%(I)I32:ITA%(123)179:A%(124)125:A%(125)171:A%(126)96:A%(127)0vI128255:A%(I)A%(I128):II064:C%(I)I:I:I6590:C%(I)I32:II91127:C%(I)I:I:I128255:C%(I)I128:II050:VT$(I):VT$(I)"***$(I)"***"I50*qI:X51"ILE ":1505*rA$(A$" ",8)X*sF0:E0:I164:U%(I)229117*tU%U%(I)A$N$(I)B$T$(I)FI:I64*uI*vF0"ILE ":150*wPR0:"CREEN (S) OR RINTER (P) S";A$*xA$SSR2%(S)/#91:D,T:D1,SS:D2,0:D3,T:D4,SS:D5,128>#:DD6:S,T]#;T2530:S017:SSR3%(S)#<1:D,T:D1,SS:D2,0:D3,T:D4,SS:D5,128#=DD6:S,T#>T3135:S016:SSR4%(S)#?1:D,T:D1,SS:D2,0:D3,T:D4,SS:D5,32)12)EFI:I64-I:FFF126 .4:4*.:"RESS ANY KEY FOR MENU"7.A$:77."NPUT FILE NAME AND FILE TYPE. 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( ! '! {)!!`48`!! ! '!`!H!! (1!!# &! !!!!!!h!`h` ( &! ` * (`  8&L$ FFL9$LX4m!!!! &` !RF LL*!!HH!!i +hh!!J!! ! ! &  !!! &! L' &! ! !!!`m!!m !Hm !h!! !Fm!Hm!h!!4`r!!!p!q!!JHp!m!!q!m!!r!!s!t!  HH  II t+hhu!v!s!t!8mu!Hmv!h &s!t!!!s!t!!t!!s!`@ ɀ) @` @ =&!!!!!!  ,>8` & ,!!`  8m!Hm!hLr, =&!!!!!!  ,>8` & !!`  8m inconsistency. Since most users will be calling IBM based systems, DesTerm also includes this inconsistency. For those people needing exact ANSI X3.64, the VT102 mode should be used. ards making the terminals themselves quite smart. By far the most popular terminal protocol - and one of the most powerful - is Digital Equipment Corporation's VT100. DesTerm emulates the VT102 (a slightly expanded VT100) protocol, as -18- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 19 July 1989 COMMODORE: As most people will know, the Commodore 8 bit computers do not speak normal tion mode should be used when talking to systems that have no special emulation handling capabilities (such as BBS64). ANSI: The ANSI emulation is a full implementation of the ANSI  filter the incoming control sequences. That is the commands will be understood as normal, but they will not be acted on. 7.2 Set Backspace ----------------- When using DesTerm, the INST/ ) are used. 7.3 Set Delete -------------- When using Desterm, the CLR/HOME key is called the delete key. The code that it send may, like the backspace key be either 8 or 127. You will normally set this to the one th For a discussion of the ANSI codes, see the appendix. VT52: VT52 is an early terminal protocol designed by Digital Equipment Corp. It allows the direct positioning of the cursor,  well as VT52, ANSI X3.64 and the Commodore Graphics protocols. The Terminal Emulation menu (seventh entry in the main menu or C= G) allows one to change the way in which DesTerm behaves when sending and displaying data.  ASCII, but a slight modification to it, called CBMSCII or PETSCII. On the Commodore 64 & 128 computers, CBMSCII included colour commands, graphics, and cursor movement commands. A few bulleti X3.64 standard, with IBM ANSI modifications. The ANSI protocol includes a set of codes to control the position, colour and style of printed text. When IBM included ANSI capability with the PCDEL key is called the backspace key. The code that this key sends may be either a true backspace (CHR$(8)) or a true delete (CHR$(127)). The code that is sent will depend on the action that is required. On microcomputer systems, you wat backspace isn't. This key is included so that both codes may easily be sent (some mainframe applications require both). NOTE: In Commodore mode, the setting of this key has no effect, as the special Commodore home (19) or scas well as some rudimentary text editing features. VT102: VT102 is a superset of the already powerful VT100 protocol. VT102 contains all of the features that ANSI graphics has, but7.1 Emulation Mode ------------------ The Emulation Mode menu (C= T) allows you to choose which of the five emulation modes you wish to use: ASCII: The ASCII emulation mode is the simplest of all n boards in the Commodore community allow communication in CBMSCII as well as normal ASCII. Use Commodore mode to use these services. Be sure that when using Commodore grap, they only included a subset, and there is a minor incompatibility with one of the commands. For this reason, most IBM based bulletin boards that claim to use ANSI also expect this ould probably need this to be set to 8. On most mainframes, this key will need to be set to 127. NOTE: In Commodore mode, the setting of this key has no effect, as the special Commodore backspace (CHR$(20)), or insert (CHR$(148) also the ability to define a scrolling region. The inclusion of line oriented editing, character insertion, deletion makes VT102 one of the most powerful terminal protocols invented.  emulation modes, and simply displays data uninterpreted. The only control codes implemented are linefeed, formfeed (clear screen), tab, carriage return, backspace, delete and bell. This emulahics mode, that you first load the DES.CBMCGSET character set, set to 8 bits, and DO NOT have the high bit masked! FILTER: This is not a terminal emulation mode. This allows you to ter to the host when the buffer becomes half full, and will send an Xon when the buffer becomes empty (and an Xoff was previously sent). At low baud rates, this option will probably not be used during normal terminal activity, but coulghth bit as a data bit instead of a parity bit. DesTerm is quite happy to display characters that have the high bit set (after all, that's what 8 bits mean!). Consequently, DesTerm will display about half of the incoming characteny hours were spent in front of oscilloscopes making sure that the timing for each speed was accurate. DesTerm is the first and only terminal for the Commodore 128 that is able to talk to 9600 autobaud modems such as the USRobotics Cou the services. In such a case, you may set DesTerm to 8-N-1 and comfortably speak to systems that use 7-E-1 or 7-M-1 (if they ignore parity too!). 6.7 Xon/Xoff Handshaking ------------------------ Xon/Xoff handshak Bit Out: This is the time of each bit as transmitted. Bit In: This is the time of each bit as sampled. Bit Half: This is the bit and a half time so that bit-sampling will occur in the middle of each bit: Incoming Byte:  rameters may be adjusted by +/- 5 units. The units change for each speed, but usually represent increments of approximately 1 per cent. NOTE: This feature has been added so that slight differences in speed can be adjusted for. d become useful during heavy menu activity, when the input buffer is not emptied. NOTE: DesTerm itself will NOT obey incoming Xon/Xoff characters at this stage in development. -16-  rs as garbage! When DesTerm is in 7 data bit mode, it simply ignores the incoming parity bits, since we might as well judge what is garbage and what is not. 6.6 Mask High Bit ----------------- This option helps overier HST. These modems require that the Baud Rate be exact -- other commercial 9600 baud terminals were close, but no go. Even though we spent many hours adjusting the timing, there are some modems, even at low baud rates that hing is a widely used method to control the transmission of characters. When a receiving computer does not want to receive any more characters for a short time, it will send an Xoff (DC3) and when it is again ready to receive, it will s |------------Bit In V Start Bit |----------|----------|----------|---------- ------| |----------| |----------| | | |  This is not a cure for line noise, just as it is not a cure for a cheap modem! -17- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 18 July 1989 7 Termi DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 17 July 1989 6.8 Tune Bit Out/Tune Bit In/Tune Half Bit ------------------------------------------ When DesTerm was being developed, we realized that the successrcome the problems caused by incorrect parity. Most systems these days also ignore parity, and so, even though the parities are mismatched, information can still be transferred. If DesTerm is in 8 bit mode, having the high bit save a hard time talking to DesTerm. These modems do not speak at the correct speeds (we had a look on a 'scope!). The speed they talk sometimes even changes with temperature! Other modems have been designed especially for the Commodoend an Xon (DC1). DesTerm has a limited input buffer of 256 characters, which is often not enough while receiving text that causes much screen scrolling. If Xon/Xoff handshaking has been enabled, DesTerm will send an Xoff charac | | | | |----------| |----------| |----------| |---------------| ^ |---- Bit and a Half time. Each of the three panal Emulation Mode Parameters ------------------------------------ Among the many features of DesTerm are a number of terminal emulation protocols. Over the last few years, commercial terminal manufacturers have tended tow of any communications device was dependant on data quality. The routines that are built in to the Commodore 128 are not reliable above 1200 baud, and simply do not work above 2400. For this reason, we totally re-wrote them! Matripped will, in effect allow DesTerm to receive data is if it were 7 bits wide. This feature becomes especially useful when you call a system that has a gateway to other systems. Sometimes, the host uses different settings to that ofre 64/128, and the timing has been intentionally been adjusted to suit the old routines. For this reason, DesTerm allows you to fine-tune the speeds at which bits are send and scanned. For each speed, there are three parameters: ases, you will be using DesTerm in Full Duplex mode, since nearly all services will echo your keystrokes back. Half duplex mode is useful for testing escape sequences and entering data to the buffer directly. The last character on the n we will learn what the communications parameters are, how to set them up correctly, and how to spot mistakes. The Protocol Settings is the fourth menu item in the main menu. 6.1 Baud Rate ------------- When two cto send with this setting (1 or 2). 6.4 Data Bits -------------- The ASCII standard has 128 characters, which can be represented in 7 data bits. Some communications situations, require that the data sent has atch your transmission speed! -14- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 15 July 1989 6.2 Duplex Mode --------------- Duplex is the ability of a device (or l number of ones even or odd (depending on the standard). You then transmit the byte. The other end then counts all of the one bits and, if there is an odd number of ones when there should be an even number - there has been an e -N- do not generate a parity bit (used with 8 bits). Odd -O- make the number of one bits odd. Even -E- make the number of one bits even. Mark -M- force the parity bit to be a one. Space -S- force the parity bit to be a zero.  status line is "F" or "H" indicating Full or Half duplex. 6.3 Stop Bits ------------- Ever wondered how a device knows when a byte of data has started to come? Well, it's quite simple: the 'idle' state of a c omponents are talking via an RS232 style serial link, the most fundamental communication variable that must match is the speed. If this does not match, then a successful transaction is impossible. The communication speed is measured i 256 characters, which needs 8 bits. This selection allows you to select which of the two standards you wish to use (7 or 8 bits). In general, most privately owned bulletin board services will use 8 data bits, while mainframe services communications link) to send and receive data at the same time. A device is full duplex if it can do both simultaneously, and half duplex if it can only do one at a time. In practical terms, however, duplex refers to the local echo rror! Of course, what the error was, we haven't got a clue -- and it may have been the parity bit that was garbaged in the first place. No matter how silly we all think parity is, it is used, and we must use it too! Parity only makes The most common data/parity/stop bit settings are: 8-N-1, 7-E-1 and 7-M-1. It is VERY important to get the bit frame set up correctly. For instance, consider when DesTerm is set to 8-N-1 but is talking to something thaommunications line is logic high. When a byte is ready to be sent, the line is brought low for one bit time (called the start bit). Next, each of the data bits is sent and finally the stop bit is sent. This stop bit brings the line hign Bits Per Second (BPS). Most protocols send 10 bits for each byte of information that needs to be send. Thus, a communications speed of 2400 BPS will send 240 bytes of data per second. We also say that 2400 BPS is the same as  will use 7 data bits -- ask the sysop or system administrator if you are unsure. 6.5 Parity Bit --------------- The parity bit is probably the cause of most of communications headaches -- and for all intents and p mode of a device. A device is in full duplex mode if it expects the remote end to return any data that is sent to it, and in half duplex mode if it displays the data on-screen as well as sending it to the remote device. In most c sense when using seven bits (well, no-one ever uses parity with 8 bits!). The parity modes are: -15- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 16 July 1989 None t expects 7-E-1: When DesTerm sends a byte, it will not add a parity bit, and as such the receiver will generate a parity error about half the time. On the other hand, DesTerm will receive eight bits of data, but will interpret the eih again for at least one bit time, so that the receiver the beginning of the next start bit. In some situations, one stop bit is not enough and a stop bit of twice the time (two stop bits) is needed. You may select how many stop bits 2400 baud. Always be sure that you are talking to the remote device at the same speed it is talking to you -- this is especially true with null-modem connections since, unlike modems, other terminals will not automatically detect and murposes it is useless! The idea behind parity, is that you count all of the 'one' bits in the data byte. Your goal is to make the number of 'one' bits always odd or always even. You then add on a bit (the parity bit) to make the tota  JKLMNOpqrstuvwxyz{|}~ !"#$%&'()*+,=>?pqrstuvwxyz{|}~?  !"#$%&'()*+,-./PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_@ABCDEFGH x>|`$$(.$$ q2:426:8)"428#'$"(+$4'5 "196:97#'&*QGiG"*)2""&;16*$"22"" ggle the mode. Again, if you are in Information Window mode, you will be informed of the new mode. Either way, the status line will display a "B" or "S" to indicate the mode. NOTE: By toggling the Buffer Mode with C= C you will reset  JJKLMNO`abcdefghijklmnoPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmn_ 'ǀ $8,,,ɼ,ح,,̀$(\`Lh{֘h@ƘhV@ƈ@TBTB@P@Xx d@hw@s~@hs@@ur^u>x;>4 @uV^@tƝ^֝tFd@hg֝^dhb& I2:426:2:426:2:426:2  ng C= + will start the buffer either sending or buffering, while pressing C= - will stop sending or buffering. 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"AUTOBOOT MAKER - RITES THE AUTOBOOT SECTOR FOR QUICK START "SETUP.1200 - AMPLE 1200 BAUD MODEM SETUP FILE!"SETUP.2400  GENERATE FUNNY SIGNALS IF THERE IS NOQ&"MODEM ATTATCHED -- AND ESERM WILL STOP AFTER THE TUNE...W&"&" F YOU HAVE ANY COMMENTS OR SUGGESTIONS, SIMPLY DROP ME A LINE --&"EITHER BY REGULAR OR ELECTRONIC MAIL (YOU MAY FIND THE VARIOUS/'"X:(A$)130,140AxU(UT)::6A"DESTERM1.02",U(UT)RA"SMALLTERM CP/M",U(UT)SETUP.2400DES-DOCS.ASCDES.SETUPDES.INITIALIZERAM2 URES) AND DO NOT USE THE WORD 'SHOULD' (IE 'YOU Z)*"DO THIS...'). THERWISE, YOU MAY SAY ANYTHING YOU WISH.`)+")," HE CONCEPT BEHIND SHAREWARE IS THAT HIGH QUALITY SOFTWARE CAN BE)-"DISTRIBUTED WIDELY AND AT LOW COST. F YOU WISH TO  PROGRAMA"DES.VT52SET - CHARACTER SET FOR 52 EMULATION"DES.CBMCGSET - CHARACTER SET FOR OMMODORE OLOUR RAPHICS"DES.IBMSET - CHARACTER SET FOR - GRAPHICS (DEFAULT) "DES.VT102SET - CHARACTER SET FOR ORRECT SETTINGS FOR YOUR MODEM,P$"YOU MAY WISH TO USE ON OF THE PRE-DEFINED SETTINGS. IMPLY$"RENAME 'SETUP.1200' (FOR 1200 BAUD) OR 'SETUP.2400' FOR (2400 BAUD)$" TO 'DES.SETUP'. HE ONLY SETTING YOU MAY NEED TO CHANGE WILL BE THE.%" - AMPLE 2400 BAUD MODEM SETUP FILEL!"DOCUMENTS.ARC - RCHIVE OF DOCUMENTATION.R!"!" EFORE YOU TRY ESERM, YOU SHOULD UN-ARCHIVE THE DOCUMENTS. OU!"MAY NOT HAVE SPACE FOR THEM ON YOUR EXECUTABLE DISK -- SO UNARC THEM.""TO A FREADDRESSES IN THE MENU SELECTION. HAVE MANY IDEAS FORZ'"NEW FEATURES, JUST SOME OF WHICH ARE:`'"z'"*ULL BUFFER EDITOR.' "*IGH LEVEL SCRIPTING LANGUAGE.'!"*ULL KEYBOARD MACRO DEFINITIONS'""*ORE EMLATION PROTOCOLS(# 7181,,,L& .J&PUBH?Vd&TFƀjԿƆFRFTPL$sRH֢Y 4$d dx4Td`hqԀF 0&Q~P/H2""&;16*$"22""9"9 ""#"77TD&~΋SEE MORE QUALITY=*."PRODUCTS, YOU ԠSEND IN THE FEE -- IT SHOWS YOUR SUPPORT FOR THE*/"SOFTWARE AND ALLOWS THE AUTHOR TO SUPPORT MORE HARDWARE ETC...*0"*1" NOUGH PREACHING.... !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*2"*3" ATTHEW . ESMONDEAT102 EMULATIONW"DES.KEYBOARD - HE KEYBOARD MAP FILE ( -- DO NOT DELETE!)"DES.CBMSET - CHARACTER SET FOR NORMAL COMMODORE USE"DES.IBMFULLSET - DIFFERENT CHARACTER SET FOR GRAPHICS"DES.AMIGASET - CHAR SETTING (ASSUMING CORRECT CONFIURATION OF HARDWARE).4%"|%" AKE SURE THAT WHEN YOU RUN THE PROGRAM THAT YOU EITHER HAVE NO%"INTERFACE CONNECTED AT ALL, OR THAT ALL HARDWARE IS IN PLACE CORRECTLY.&"OR EXAMPLE, SOME INTERFACES SH DISK (THEY TAKE OVER 400 DISK BLOCKS). OU CAN USE THEv""READER PROGRAM (IN THE ARC) TO VIEW (OR PRINT) THE DOCS. HEY ARE""IN TRUE FORM -- SO IF YOU WISH TO USE ANOTHER PROGRAM TO READ" "THEM, YOU MAY NEED TO CONVERT FORMATS." ""*ORE TRANSFER PROTOCOLS($"*EDICATED ՠSUPPORT6(%"*UPERAST DISK /<(&"('" HEN WRITING WITH SUGGESTIONS, PLEASE KEEP IN MIND THAT AM ONLY(("HUMAN -- PLEASE DO NOT SUGGEST ADD THINGS IN THE ABOVE LIST (OR ANY))"ASSOCIATED FEAT<qQ|PabT܁PQ?ԀWQ?TWzTFhVƈTƍhFhTFhTƁjԟFƀԟƁԆƃjԞBԀ˜TԆFԜFԆFԎԆԀLh}TtԀF;BBBBB¡¢BBB­®®ԝ£ԘBBB±²TB±TITFhP ɓLjD{ԀƘhDT,0TƀƁjƁƂjƀԀBBPXh|~hzԟF\L{h{?+Kk5UuP\L\̀hxV@V$TFK4FTFFY_TQ tt\tdhz@w#YKTQ tTtL 4t$Tth}4Td`hsTFYVY@BK&"226+ ACTER SET FOR MIGA GRAPHICSS"DES.FUNCTIONS - SAMPLE FUNCTION KEY FILE (DEFAULT)"DES.TELEPHONE - SAMPLE TELEPHONE NUMBER FILE (DEFAULT)"FILETYPE CHANGER - PROGRAM TO CHANGE A FILETYPE ON DISK "RAMDOS - AMPLE A p]lC128 TERMS #2T32AMENU--- DESTERM ---LIST-ME-FIRST DESTERM1.02DES.VT52SET DES.CBMCGSET DES.IBMSET DES.VT102SET DES.KEYBOARDDES.CBMSET DES.IBMFULLSET DES.AMIGASET DES.FUNCTIONSDES.TELEPHONEFILETYPE CHANGER RAMDOS RE-USE RAMDOS AUTOBOOT MAKERSETUP.1200SETUP.2400DES-DOCS.ASCDES.SETUPDES.INITIALIZERAM2STARTUPRAMDOS128.BIN-- SMALLTERM -- SMALLTERM CP/M48~<8ll88||86666``6`綶؞`gffffffg`ffffffffffffffffff8~<8ll88||86666``6`綶؞`gffffffg`ffffffffffffffffff8l0`ff>``|fff|fff>60x000>ff>|``|fffff<``flx|f8<cwkc|ffffff>|f```<`<|00006ffff<fff<ck6"f<|~ 0~00003333 ĪĢ~<8ll88||86666``6`綶؞`gffffffg`ffffffffffffffffff >v66?333333 <<lllllll>`<|0f8lhvv0 000 0 0f< 80 0`0 ~~0  0`<|bf 0fFf<00`0~~p  pfff~fff~~ff<flplf```bf8ll8ff|``8ll<ff|lfff<<f<`<|0f8lhvv0 000 0 0f< 80 0`0 ~~0333333̙3f̙3flxp` |x<fff~fff~~ff<flplf```bf8ll8ff|``8ll<ff|lfff<<f<>00000000 88p88p<~~~~<6>````````~<<~<~ff~<ff<>>0000  0fff~fff~~ff<flplf```bf8ll8ff|``8ll<ff|lfff<<f<f;`lvff<vf`>`<|> ffff;fff<ckk66c66cfff<p~L2~pppr<llllllll~|0f8l8vv``0```0`00`f<f;`lvff<vf`>`<|> ffff;fff<ckk66c66cfff<p~L2~pppr <px |~8p000xxx~~8ll8|00`x 3f7m3ff3f3f""""UUUUww66666666666666666666666666666666  0fff~fff~~ff<flplf```bf8ll8ff|``8ll<ff|lfff<<f<x00000x xflxlf````b8ll8ff|``xxff|lfx`0x0000xxl8Dl88lx00x 0fx`````x`0 xx8l <<lllllll>`<|0f8lhvv0 000 0 0f< 80 0`0 ~~0  0[<\\]~|?!_" Q  󙒄90>{<\*}=^?_ ޛĪĢ~<8ll88||86666``6`綶؞`gffffffg`ffffffffffffffffff666676666670??0766666666667076666666666666666666??66666666668l<~~<3333̐`j ``||аW"0``00  0|((H~~060|0000x |v`|fffxx |vxx8l```v| `lvff0p000x x`flxlp00000xffffxxff|`v| vf`|x 00|004vl8ll8l| 0d00000000v |x<fff~fff~~ff<flplf```bf8ll8ff|``8ll<ff|lfff<<f<`<|0f8lhvv0 000 0 0f< 80 0`0 ~~0vvxlllll`0`~pffff|`v0xx08ll88lll0|x~~ ~~`8``8x0000`00`0`0p0000vv8ll8 l<xllllp0`x~x<fff~fff~~ff<flplf```bf8ll8ff|``8ll<ff|lfff<<f<f?x |~x |~00x |~xx 8fl0xxxxxx0~~| [<\\]~|?!_" Q  󙒄90>{<\*}=^?_ ޛ8~<8ll88||86666``6`綶؞`gffffffg`ffffffffffffffffff000 <>f>``|fff|fff>60x000>ff>|``|fffff<``flx|f8<cwkc|ffffff>|f```<`<|00006ffff<fff<ck6"f<|~ 0~00`00 0|0bp pp ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙϟσϝ 8~~~~l|88||88888||8<<><~~<ffffff{`<|bf 0fFf<00`0~~p  pf?x |~x |~00x |~xx 8fl0xxxxxx0~~| x00000x xflxlf````b8ll8ff|``xxff|lfx`0x0000xxl8Dl88lx00x 0fx`````x`0 xx8l<px |~8p000xxx~~8ll8|00`x 3f7m3ff3f3f""""UUUUww66666666666666666666666666666666<<<<666676666670??0766666666667076666666666666666666??66666666668~<8ll88||86666``6`綶؞`gffffffg`ffffffffffffffffffBells: ^g $07 Pauses...~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~. ^[[;32mANSI^[[1m Graphics.... $41$42$43$44$45$46$47$48$49$4A \^\\\$\~ (escaped codes...) ^[[f^[[J(Clear Screen) `~aa~`|fflffl`0<>f; <>f;$<>f;q<>f;3<>f;f;~wgks>@0ffff; ffff;$ffff;fffff; fff< !ZOT'S WAMP HE PANISH NQUISITION ENERIC / SETUP... ENERIC 64/40 COLUMN SETUP... ENERIC OLOUR RAPHICS SETUP...  3333~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fffff~~fff   <<lllllll>`<|0f8lhvv0 000 0 0f< 80 0`0 ~~0  0 ffff>$ffff>fffff>f<< ff~~fffff~<< >ll> 60x00~B~~~~~fff~fff~~ff<flxlf```bf8ll8ff|``8ll<ff|lfff<<f< ffff>$ffff>fffff>f<<  <f;`lvff<vf`>`<|> ffff;fff<ckk66c66cfff<p~L2~ppprN"**********************************************************************"**** ****"**** ILETYPE HANGER 1.0 ****5"****   &0: FA (FA 192) C%&:: 15,"B-P: ";2;PT7&D: 8,(FA);U&N: 15,"U2: ";2;DR;TR;SE\&Xb&bh&l:&v"**** ILE NOT PRESENT... ****&&"HE FILE '";FF$;"' WAS NOT FOUND..."&(32F) #15,"B-P: ";2;PT6#RC$" "B#A029R#: #8,RR$k#: (RC$,A1,1)RR$r#"A#,FT$(RC$,4,16)#6FA((RC$,1))#@F(F1)7#J F0 #T: 15,"B-P: ";2;0#^: #8,TR$:TR(TR$)$h:  6" ESERM 128 LOADER FOR USE WITH RAMDOS...<o" O CHANGE UNIT NUMBER, CHANGE UNIT VARIABLEv"}%UNIT10U1(186)$" 128 1.02 -- NSTALLING AMOS AS DEVICE:";UNIT;""."RAMDOS128.BIN",U(U1)  ~XX$"" A116:XX$XX$(160):A,  X04= : FX$(X)E  Xi  "","","","","" "ILETYPE HANGER 1.0"  "HICH DISK DEVICE 8";  DD "HICH DISK DRIVE 0";  DR DR$(48DR) 6" ESERM 128 LOADER FOR USE WITH RAMDOS...<o" O CHANGE UNIT NUMBER, CHANGE UNIT VARIABLEv"}%UNIT10$" 128 1.02 -- E-NSTALLING AMOS AS DEVICE:";UNIT;""."RAMDOS128.BIN",U((186))88972 ****"**** Y ATTHEW . ESMOND ****"**** ****$"**** HIS PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED WITY TYPE : ";% FX$(FA 31)F%"HAT WOULD YOU LIKE THE NEW FILETYPE TO BE:"Y%" 1) "l%" 2) "%" 3) "%"RESS 1-3, OR 4 TO ABORT."%%: C$% ((C$)5) ((C$)0)%C(C$)%& C 4  #8,SE$:SE(SE$)$r: TR 0 OK2!$|C$ (FT$FM$) (FA28) OK1`$FT$;"";f$l$:$"**** HANGE ILETYPE ****$"HE FILE '";FF$;"' HAS BEEN FOUND, AND IS CUR88972B 8966,UNIT,27(C15,UNIT,155D15,"I0"BE15,"UJ"JF15zL"AMOS INSTALLED, OOTING ESERM..."V.VT52SET DES.CBMCGSET DES.IBMSET DES.VT102SET 5!"LEASE ENTER THE NAME OF THE FILE YOU WISH TO MODIFY : ";?!  FF$U!FM$(FF$XX$,16)t!"EARCHING FOR ";FF$;""!("CANNING: ";!215,DD,15,"U"DR$">M1"!<15,"I0"!F8,DD,2,"#"!PTR18:SE1:F0:OK0!Z!d: 1490!n GB 8969,UNIT,14AL"AMOS RE-INSTALLED, EADY TO USE..."T-ME-FIRST DESTERM1.02DES.VT52SET DES.CBMCGSET DES.IBMSET DES.VT102SET H THE ESERM 128 TERMINAL ****i."**** AND IS PLACED IN THE UBLIC OMAIN ****8"**** ****B"**** EEL FREE TO USE THE SOURCE AS YOU WISH, BUT LEAVE THI, "UTOBOOT MAKER FOR ESERM128 1.024 "S " Y ATTHEW . ESMOND[ "b%"ESERM 128 1.02 UTOBOOT AKER."$"ISK EVICE ? 8";. DD8"RIVE UMBER ? 0";B DNL15,DD,15V15,"IJ"` DSRENTLY TYPE : ";% FX$(FA 31)F%"HAT WOULD YOU LIKE THE NEW FILETYPE TO BE:"Y%" 1) "l%" 2) "%" 3) "%"RESS 1-3, OR 4 TO ABORT."%%: C$% ((C$)5) ((C$)0)%C(C$)%& C 4  "ISK RROR:";DS$:'j8,DD,8,"#"3tN$(0)K~15,"U1:8";DU;"1 0"]15,"B-P 8 0"8,"CBM";N$;N$;N$;N$;" ESERM 128 1.02!";N$;N$;8,(162);(45);(160);(11);8,(76);(165);(175);8,"RUN";(34);"DESTERM1.02 OK"x OK1 1710: 1910"8""15A""HANGE ANOTHER N";J" X$c" X$"Y"X$""1280m""";s"y":""**** CAN ISK IRECTORY OR PECIFIED ILE ****" F0 15,"U1: ";2;DR;TR;SE"PT2";(34);",U(PEEK(186))";N$.15,"U2:8";DU;"1 0"E15,"B-F";DU;"1 0"\15,"B-A";DU;"1 0"gX$DS$t"ONE."{815KER."$"ISK EVICE ? 8";. DD8"RIVE UMBER ? 0";B DNL15,DD,15V15,"IJ"` DSS ****PL"**** HEADER UNTOUCHED. ****V"**** ****`"**********************************************************************j:t% ~~~+++~~~ATH^m ATD CONNECT CONNECT 1200 CONNECT 2400 CONNECT 9600 BUSY NO CARRIER NO DIAL TONE NO ANSWER VOICE ERROR RING    ~~~+++~~~ATH^m ATD CONNECT CONNECT 1200 CONNECT 2400 CONNECT 9600 BUSY NO CARRIER NO DIAL TONE NO ANSWER VOICE ERROR RING    DESTERM 128 V1.02 -- USER GUIDE ------------------------------- By Matthew E. Desmond Edited by Geoffrey Welsh  ........3 2.2 Control Signal Inversion.............................4 2.3 Setting The Hayes setup options......................5 2.3.1 Dial Type..........................................5 2.3.2 Control Signals.......... 2.4 Setting the User Environment.........................7 2.4.1 Changing the Colours...............................7 2.4.2 Key Click..........................................7 2.4.3 DesTerm Files Device/User Files Device. ing the Terminal Mode............................11 6 Selecting the Communications Parameters................14 6.1 Baud Rate............................................14 6.2 Duplex Mode........................................ ATZ^m~~~AT X1 S11=50 S7=50^m  DesTerm V1.02^m *  ATZ^m~~~AT X4 S11=50 S7=50^m  DesTerm V1.02^m *  July 15, 1989 TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1 What is the DesTerm128 Terminal program?...............1 1.1 Distribution Notice..................................1 1...........................5 2.3.3 Max Baud Rate......................................5 2.3.4 Set Connect Rate...................................5 2.3.5 Initial Sequence...................................5 2.3.6 Hangup ............7 2.4.4 Printer Device/Printer Type/Append Linefeed........8 2.4.5 JoyStick/Mouse.....................................8 2.4.6 Information Windows................................8 3 Installing your Telephone..15 6.3 Stop Bits............................................15 6.4 Data Bits............................................15 6.5 Parity Bit...........................................15 6.6 Mask High Bit................on Mode.......................................18 7.2 Set Backspace........................................19 7.3 Set Delete...........................................19 7.4 Backspace mode.......................................1.....................20 7.9 Transmit EOL.........................................21 7.10 Receive EOL..........................................21 7.11 Colour Mode..........................................21 7.12 Screen Len2 Disclaimer...........................................2 2 Getting Started........................................2 2.1 Configuring DesTerm128 for your Hardware.............3 2.1.1 Modem Configuration........................Sequence....................................6 2.3.7 Dial String........................................6 2.3.8 Modem Report Codes.................................6 2.3.9 Resend Init........................................7  Database.....................9 3.1 Dial Wait/Dial Pause.................................9 3.2 Entering the Telephone Database......................9 4 Defining Function Keys.................................10 5 Explor ........................16 6.7 Xon/Xoff Handshaking.................................16 6.8 Tune Bit Out/Tune Bit In/Tune Half Bit...............17 7 Terminal Emulation Mode Parameters.....................18 7.1 Emulati 9 7.5 Wrap Mode............................................20 7.6 VT-102 Decid.........................................20 7.7 Answerback...........................................20 7.8 Setting the tabs................gth........................................21 7.13 Screen Width.........................................21 7.14 Pixel Mode...........................................22 7.15 Cursor Mode..........................................22 uffer..........................................24 8.3 Load Buffer..........................................24 8.4 View Buffer..........................................25 8.5 Strip Controls.......................................and.........................................26 9.6 Scratch File.........................................26 9.7 Format Disk..........................................26 9.8 Copy Files...........................................27  use......................................28 11.2 Line Pause...........................................28 11.3 Punter Block.........................................28 11.4 Default File.........................................28  ......................................31 13.1 Xmodem (CRC/1K)......................................31 13.2 Ymodem (Batch).......................................31 13.3 Punter (C1)..........................................31  ...................................33 17 About DesTerm..........................................33 18 Exit DesTerm...........................................33 Appendix A. DesTerm Character Sets..........................34 A 7.16 Cursor Style.........................................22 7.17 Screen Mode..........................................22 7.18 Hex Display..........................................22 7.19 Reset Modes........................ 25 8.6 Print Buffer.........................................25 8.7 Clear Buffer.........................................25 9 Disk Operations........................................25 9.1 Directory and Dir Pattern...... 10 Dialing Numbers........................................27 10.1 The Dial Environment.................................27 10.2 Dial Number..........................................27 10.3 Input Number...................... 12 Upload File(s).........................................29 12.1 Xmodem...............................................29 12.2 Xmodem 1K............................................29 12.3 Ymodem (Batch).......................13.4 Multi Punter.........................................31 13.5 Padding..............................................32 14 Answer Phone...........................................32 15 Edit Defaults.............................ppendix B. Comparison of ASCII vs. CBMSCII.................35 Appendix C. ANSI and VT102 control sequences................36 Appendix D. VT52 Sequences..................................39 QUICK REFERENCE SECTION.........................................22 7.20 Hints and Tips.......................................23 8 Buffer Operations......................................24 8.1 Buffer Mode..........................................24 8.2 Save B......................26 9.2 Initialize...........................................26 9.3 Validate.............................................26 9.4 Drive Num............................................26 9.5 Send Comm...................27 10.4 Redial Last..........................................27 10.5 Multiple Dial........................................28 11 Transfer Options.......................................28 11.1 Character Pa................30 12.4 Punter (C1)..........................................30 12.5 Multi Punter.........................................30 12.6 Advice on Multiple Uploads...........................30 13 Download File(s)..............32 15.1 Load Char/Setup/Function/Phone Files.................33 15.2 Save Setup File......................................33 15.3 Save Names File......................................33 16 Hangup Phone......................40 DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 1 July 1989 1 What is the DesTerm128 Terminal Program? ------------------------------------------ DesTerm128 is a program that allows you to uts and documentation remain with the author: Matthew E. Desmond, except the RS232 and CRC routines which remain with Geoffrey Welsh, and are used with permission. -1- DesTerm128 V1.02 shareware -- the money that does come in is put back into the project, in the form of hardware support etc. The more people that register, the more hardware additions the program will be able to support! You may distribute to must decide if you want to continue using the program. If you do decide to use the program, you are required to send the $25 shareware registration fee; if not, you simply may not use the program. You may feel that you can g but if that isn't fast enough for you, DesTerm can even speak true 9600 baud -- the first and ONLY terminal for the Commodore128 that can successfully talk to 9600 baud modems. If you have several favourite BBSes that you call, DesTer se your Commodore128 to enter the world of telecommunications. This program represents nearly two years of research and development -- from a small BASIC program that was written in an afternoon, it has matured into a full featur ys of getting around in DesTerm and, once you know these, the rest is really simple. To start DesTerm, simply put the disk containing the DesTerm files (obtained either from the author or from the distribution archive) in y Page 2 July 1989 1.2 Disclaimer -------------- This program and its accompanying documentation come with no warranty, either express or implied, with respect to accuracy or suita this program freely, providing the following conditions are met: 1) Only a moderate copying fee may be charged. 2) It is made CLEAR to the recipient that any copying charge does NOT cover the registration fee, and that the reciet away with not sending any money -- legally, you are compelled to comply with these terms. Shareware authors, like all other authors, depend on the consumer -- if there is no interest in the program, it dies. Shareware is much cheapm can remember information about each, such that each time you call, the terminal is set up properly for that system. DesTerm has many other exciting features which you will learn about as we go... 1.1 Distribution Notice ed terminal program packed with many useful features not previously available for the Commodore 128. DesTerm has the capability to talk to mainframes using the common VT102 protocol, as well as to many IBM operated systems that use thour disk drive and enter: RUN "DESTERM1.02" First, the program will display a brief introductory screen while it initializes its run-time units. Once the initialization is complete, the 80 column screen will display the bility for any particular application. The author assumes no responsibility whatsoever for any damage, direct or incidental, resulting from their use. 2 Getting Started ----------------- There are a few standard wapient is still obligated to register his/her copy with the author if they choose to use it. 3) The original archive and its contents - especially the documentation - are not modified in any way. All rights to the program, foner than commercial software, and the authors are much more accessible; suggestions, comments and questions are much more likely to be addressed by shareware authors than by commercial publishers. No one is going to get rich from  ----------------------- DesTerm is distributed under the SHAREWARE concept, a method of distributing high quality software to the user at low cost. When you start to use this program, you have a short evaluation period in whiche ANSI standard for colour graphics. For those who use Commodore Colour graphics boards, DesTerm can also display this format. DesTerm can communicate flawlessly at 2400 baud (which is rapidly becoming THE standard modem speed),main terminal screen and a window with some shareware information in it. A tune will be played. You may either wait for the tune to end, or just simply hit a key to enter terminal mode. DesTerm will then send an initialization (with interface) or a 1670. If you do not have one of these types of modems, you may still be able to use DesTerm, but you will at least be unable to make use of the autodialing features. The problems of connecting an RS-232 bas section, you will learn how to configure DesTerm to work best with your hardware. -2- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 3 July 1989 2.1 Configuring DesTerm for yt like pressing CTRL/RUNSTOP when in terminal mode, and like ESC when a menu is present. Sometimes it is necessary to enter text into a window (such as a filename or telephone number) -- it is possible to use the cursor keys during an  around the menus, either set of cursor keys may be used -- the current option is denoted by the line which is in reverse field. The menus wrap, so that moving up when at the top of a menu will jump you to the bottom and vice-versa. To command to the modem to make sure that it is configured properly. More information on configuring DesTerm and your modem will be given later. Once this command is sent, the terminal is ready to use. DesTerm is principally a menu ady (DTR). The first step in setting up DesTerm is to discover if the interface signals need to be inverted or not... 2.1.1 Modem Configuration ------------------------- For reasons unknown to anyone but the designers at ed modem to the C128 is even worse because the C128's modem port does not connect to a 'standard' RS-232 connector and the voltages of the signals at the C128 are not the same as the modem expects. Many companies have made interfaces b our Hardware ------------------------------------------ The most frustrating part of computing is the time wasted when a program is not configured correctly to work with peripherals. With telecommunications this problem is input to move the cursor back and forth to edit the entry. Using the menus to configure DesTerm is very easy to do, but can sometimes be a little long winded. To save time, HOTKEY combinations have been included -- all of the alp select the current option, simply press the either the RETURN or ENTER key. If you are done with a certain menu, you may exit it by pressing the ESC key, or by selecting the menu option that quits (usually the last option, if pr driven program and to get the main menu on screen, you simply press CTRL/RUNSTOP. This is the most important key-sequence in DesTerm, since from this sequence, ALL features of DesTerm may be modified. NOTE: These keys were chosen  major modem manufacturers, most modems are shipped with a default configuration that is not ideal for any application known to Man. The features of modems (and therefore the default configurations) vary widely from model to modelut, alas, some invert the polarity of the modem control signals, some leave them alone and some don't even support them. DesTerm requires two of these signals for proper operation -- Data Carrier Detect (DCD) and Data Terminal Re particularly bad, since every modem works in a slightly different way and sometimes the technical jargon can overwhelm technically inexperienced users. To use DesTerm128 to its maximum potential you must have a Hayes compatible modem habetic keys, when pressed at the same time as the commodore key (C= ), will perform some action or bring up a menu. For a complete list, press the HELP key while in terminal mode. You now know how to get around DesTerm and, in the nextesent at all). Note, for those who wish to, a joystick or mouse (1350 & 1351) in port two will mimic the cursor keys (at all times!) and pressing the fire/left button will mimic the RETURN key. On a 1351, the right mouse button will ac because they are very rarely used together, and as such will not often be pressed at the same time by mistake. Entering the main menu this way will only work in the main terminal mode when there are no other menus present. To move , but there are a few common problems that should be dealt with before we get into the configuration of DesTerm. Most modems come with a set of switches (usually referred to as "DIP switches") that control some basic functions. Your modrrectly connected to each other, and that the interface is properly connected to the Commodore128 user port. Make sure that any dip-switches on the modem are configured such that Carrier Detect DTR are normal (that is, NOT OVERRI0 bps, it would reduce overhead and increase accuracy and reliability if command echo were disabled. DIP switch 4 DOWN or "ATE0". Auto Answer: Perhaps the most annoying habit of modem manufacturers is that they ship their modems9 Verbal Response Codes: The modem may report its status using numbers or longer strings of characters. DesTerm, by default, is set to accept verbal response codes, but it could be made to work with numeric codes if it were co he modem. Some computers, interfaces, and cables do not connect the DTR line or don't use it properly, so manufacturers ship their modems configured to ignore it. DesTerm does use the DTR line and re-enabling it may help DesTerm r em's manual should tell you where to find these switches or, if your modem doesn't have any switches, how to program the modem's configuration to get the same effect. Remember: configuration commands typed at the modem do not nece d this can't be so, since we just turned it on!). To change the status of the Inversion, enter the MODEM SETTINGS sub-menu from the main-menu. From here, enter the HAYES SETUP menu and select the CONTROL SIGNALS option. You may DDEN). Next, run DesTerm, and wait until the main terminal screen appears (press a key to stop the tune). If you look at the top right hand of the screen, you will see a display that should look like "1200-N-8-1-F". Make sure that th set to answer the phone as soon as they detect an incoming call! Disable this feature: DIP switch 5 DOWN or "ATS0=0". Carrier Detect Override: Modems come configured to indicate that they are connected to something, even when tnfigured to do so. Beginners will find the longer English response codes much easier to interpret. DIP switch 2 UP or "ATV1". Quiet Mode: The modem may be configured NOT to return status reports; DesTerm (and the user!) depend on thesun more efficiently. Normally, DTR override is disabled by putting DIP switch #1 in the UP position, or by giving 'switchless' Hayes-compatible modems the command "AT&D2". If you find that the modem does not obey any commands sent whilessarily become permanent; see your modem's manual for information on making these configurations permanent (making them the "power-up [or reset] default"). NOTE: The DIP switch settings and commands given here are merely the mos now simply choose the option that was not initially selected. As soon as you press return, the C should disappear. If you are unable to get rid of the C, check that the carrier detect is not overridden. It may be useful to find out e modem is in its initial state (turn it off then on again) -- and watch the space just before the number on the top row. If you see a C, then the control signals are set wrong (The C indicates that the modem is reporting a Carrier, anhey are not. DesTerm performance is enhanced if this override is disabled. DIP switch 6 UP or "AT&C1". 2.2 Control Signal Inversion ----------------------------- First, make sure that the modem and interface are coe status reports to determine what's going on. DIP switch 3 DOWN or "ATQ0". Command Mode Echo: The modem may be configured to show you what command you are typing to it. Although DesTerm can work with echo on at speeds under 960 the DTR override is disabled, you may have to re-enable it, but first see Control Signals under Modem Settings. -3- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 4 July 198t common ones; your modem may vary. If things don't look right or don't seem to work, consult your modem's manual for the correct way to achieve the desired setting. DTR Override: DTR is a signal that the computer can use to control tif you are able to switch the C on and off by this method. If you can, this indicates that the interface does support the line correctly. When you have discovered which inversion mode is needed, you may leave that particular setETURN type CTRL/M enter ^M or ^m LINEFEED type CTRL/J enter ^J or ^j ESCAPE type CTRL/[ enter ^[ -5- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 6 ports it). 2.3.5 Initial Sequence ---------------------- When DesTerm first runs, it sends the modem an initialization command -- so that any 'soft' options may be programmed. This option allows the user to enter t Some of the newer modems can speak to the terminal at a totally different speed to that of the connect -- thus a modem can be talking to another modem at 300 baud, but talking to DesTerm at 9600. This is known as LOCKING the speed.  will not work well. The next few sections will explain the menu options and how they should be set up. 2.3.1 Dial Type --------------- The Dial Type should be set to tone if your phone service can handle touc ting alone. If you have major problems, you may wish to contact someone that has some experience with modems. To be sure that you are able to make your modem and DesTerm compatible, ensure that you have the manual, and that you know a The default string is: ATZ^m~~~AT X1 S11=50 S7=50^m This string will: Send ATZ followed by a carriage return (^m); Pause one and a half seconds (3 times 1/2); Tell the modem to set its X reg July 1989 It may also be necessary to generate pauses (after an ATZ for example). To enter a half second pause, use the tilde (~). You may also specify raw hex data by using a $. You simply enter a '$' followed by  he command string they wish to send to the modem. This string will usually set the X register and some S registers. It is possible to include control and escape codes within this string: If you wish to include a control code, two cha To do this effectively, you must tell DesTerm to ignore the connect rate. This option dictates whether DesTerm will change speeds when the modem reports a connect. For the automatic setting of the speed, the modem must be able to senh-tone dialing, otherwise you should probably choose pulse. The None option is used when the P or T needs to be explicitly included within the dial string (i.e. to disable call waiting). 2.3.2 Control Signals -------------------bout the various settings and modes of it. Imparticular, you should know what the X settings do, and how to set the S registers. -4- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 5 ister to 1; Set the tone dial speed to 50 milliseconds; Set the dial wait time to 50 seconds; Send a carriage return. 2.3.6 Hangup Sequence --------------------- the two digit hex number (capitals ARE needed for A through F). If you would like to use a tilde or caret within such a string, you should precede it with an oblique, or backslash (\). To include an oblique, simply enter two of them. racters must be entered, a caret (^) followed by the character that would normally be typed in conjunction with CTRL to generate the particular code, i.e.: To generate BELL type CTRL/G enter ^G or ^g Rd the connect speed as part of the connect string (such as CONNECT, CONNECT 1200 and CONNECT 2400). The X register will control how explicit the modem is -- you will normally want the X register set to 1 (or more if the modem sup-- This option has been explained in 2.3 2.3.3 Max Baud Rate ------------------- This should be set to the maximum speed your modem can handle. 2.3.4 Set Connect Rate ----------------------  July 1989 2.3 Setting The Hayes Setup options ----------------------------------- The HAYES SETUP menus are perhaps the most important in the entire program. If these are not correctly set for your modem, DesTerm  To disconnect a call, DesTerm will first try to drop the DTR signal; if the modem is configured correctly, this will immediately hang up the phone. If, after a second, the carrier detect line has not changed, DesTerm will send tl be printed in. It is also used as the character colour for user input. As with Prompt Colour, this may be anything except the Screen Colour. The last colour (Reserve Colour) is the colour that the menu borders and boxes are dg. The User Environment menu may be found as the fifth menu item in the main menu, or may be summoned with C= U. 2.4.1 Changing the Colours -------------------------- The colours that DesTerm uses for menus, prompts and numeric codes, then you should change each string to its numeric equivalent. -6- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 7 July 1989 2.3.9 Resend Init -- 2.3.8 Modem Report Codes ------------------------ During the dial sequence, DesTerm makes use of the report codes that the modem sends. These report codes tell DesTerm at what speed a connect was established, or the he Hangup Sequence. The Hangup Sequence should contain the appropriate escape code for the modem (usually +++), together with the appropriate pauses. The string should also instruct the modem to hang up. The default strin k may be enabled or disabled with this option. 2.4.3 DesTerm Files Device/User Files Device -------------------------------------------- Many people have more than one disk drive; it is convenient to have DesTerm and its  rawn in -- Again this may be any colour except the one chosen as Screen Colour. NOTE: If you plan to use DesTerm in the 40 column mode, the screen colour MUST be black -- the VDC for some reason has trouble displaying the other text may be selected with the first four menu items. The Screen Colour is the colour that is used for the background and border of the 80 column screen. Most applications expect this to be black, but you may set it to any of the--------------- If you have changed the initial string, or forgot switch the modem on before running DesTerm, you may wish to resend the initial string. You may do this by selecting Resend Init in the Modem Setup menu.  reason for a non-connect. It is important for DesTerm to understand what is being sent -- otherwise a connect may never be recognized. DesTerm will ignore anything that is not understood, and wait for something that it does understang is: ~~~+++~~~ATH^m. 2.3.7 Dial String ----------------- In order to dial a number, DesTerm must know what dial command you wish to use -- in most cases this will simply be ATD (remember that the normal P or T is srelated files in one drive, and another a disk in another drive for uploading/downloading. Using these two options it is possible to set which devices should contain which data. The DesTerm Files Device defaults (on loading) to the de colours if not (Try it and see!) 2.4.2 Key Click --------------- DesTerm can make a small 'click' each time a key is pressed -- this can be either useful or annoying (depending on your tastes or mood), and the clic 16 colours if you wish. The Prompt colour is the colour that the menu options and prompts are displayed in -- this may be any colour except the Screen Colour. The User Colour is the colour that the text displayed in terminal mode wil 2.4 Setting the User Environment -------------------------------- It is important to be comfortable while working with a terminal, and in this section we will discuss how to set DesTerm's options to your personal likind. You should modify each of the report codes ("300 Connect." through "Ring.") to match what your particular modem sends. If your modem does not send a particular code, simply leave it alone. If you have your modem set to send elected with dial type). In some cases it may be necessary to include a primary number to disable call waiting, or to dial a '9' to get an outside line. In these cases, the dial string should be modified to have the required effect. vice that DesTerm was loaded from. The User Files Device is loaded from the config file and, as such, may be set to which ever device you like. For instance, if you have two drives, devices 8 and 9, you would boot from device 8, ------------------------------------------ These three menu items allow you to select certain parameters that pertain directly to your printer. The printer device will normally be set to 4, but for multi-printer situations, thiquired, else select Automatic. NOTE: some printer interfaces and printers have a similar option. Make sure that only one is selected to add a linefeed, or you may find your paper advancing several lines for every line of text! ue whether in menu mode, terminal mode or input mode! Thus, ANSI and VT102 full screen editors will work just by moving the joystick/mouse. The fire/left mouse button will act as if you have pressed the return key. If you are u erm, the program will open up a small window in the screen that informs the user of a certain event, like the opening or closing of a buffer. There can be no transmission of characters during the time the window is on-screen (1 se ur particular hardware and personal tastes. You are now ready to enter all of the telephone numbers you use regularly. At this time, it is only possible to have 16 different numbers in memory at one time, but you may have as many diff and set the User Files Device to 9. Once the parameters have been saved, each time you run DesTerm -- uploads, downloads buffer loads and saves will automatically be done from device 9 -- while character sets, function key files and t s may be anything from 4 trough 7. The Printer Type selects whether the printer expects data in Commodore or true ASCII format. This setting will depend on your printer and/or interface. Some printers will automatically a 2.4.5 Joystick/Mouse -------------------- DesTerm allows the use of a joystick, 1350 mouse, or 1351 mouse as substitutes for the RETURN and cursor keys. The 1351 mouse (only) also lets you get in and out of menus quickly. sing a 1351 mouse, the right button has a special meaning. Pressing this key while in terminal mode is equivalent to pressing the CTRL/RUNSTOP keys: it calls up the main menu. If you press the right mouse button while in a menu, it hascond), although any incoming characters are buffered. Once you are used to the operation of the terminal, you may wish to disable these Information Windows to save time. -8- erent sets on disk as you need. Together with each telephone number and description you will supply a complete set of parameters such that, upon connect, DesTerm will reconfigure itself to match the system connected to. You may elephone number files will be loaded from device 8. -7- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 8 July 1989 2.4.4 Printer Device/Printer Type/Append Linefeed -------dvance the paper when they receive a carriage return( CHR$(13)), while others will only move to the left margin (and thus need linefeed characters to tell them to advance the paper). If your printer requires line feeds, select Re Since a 1350 mouse acts like a joystick, any mention of joysticks in this manual also applies to the 1350. The basic four directions of the joystick/mouse are equivalent to pressing one of the four cursor keys. This is tr the same effect as pressing the ESC key: it quits the menu! NOTE: on a 1350, the right button has NO effect. 2.4.6 Information Windows ------------------------- At certain times during the normal operation of DesT DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 9 July 1989 3 Installing your telephone database ------------------------------------ In the previous sections we have discussed how to get DesTerm set up for yo even indicate character set and function key files to be loaded at connect time. Before we enter all the numbers, there are two things in the MODEM SETTINGS menu that need to be taken care of. 3.1 Dial Wait/Dial Pause -------- ork is a function of both your modem and the phone company's equipment. If, for example, the phone still reports "BUSY" or "NO DIAL TONE" at the start of a re-dial, then you should increase this value. A setting of two seconds works i r entry. To edit a particular parameter, simply select it in the normal manner. NOTE: in this menu, there is no need to use the down cursor key between edits, since the next item will automatically be chosen for you. fined in section 2.3.7) it will make sense to the modem. The Baud Rate selects which speed DesTerm use when making the call; in most cases, this should be set to the maximum speed your modem can handle so that the resulting connect wil ou to select the particular character set you wish to use with each number. For a description of the format of the character set, refer to the Appendices. If no character set is specified or the specified set does not exist on the Des ----------------- These are the first two options in the Modem Settings menu, which is the sixth item in the main menu. The first setting, Dial Wait, specifies the number of seconds that DesTerm will wait for a connect bef on has been made, it should report "NO CONNECT" or "NO CARRIER", and DesTerm will recognize this as the indication that it should move on to the next number. The delay should be programmed into the S7 register either when DesTerm is ru n most cases. 3.2 Entering the Telephone Database ----------------------------------- The Telephone Database is edited by selecting the Edit Number File option in the main menu, or you may simply press C= N. The phone -9- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 10 July 1989 The Comment may be up to 32 characters long, and serves to remind you about that particular entry. It was design l be at the highest common speed. If, for some reason you would like to call a number at something less than this maximum (e.g. to overcome line noise), enter a lower speed here. The rest of the items, except the last three, are all Term Files Device, then the currently loaded character set will be used. The Function File specifies the set of function keys that will be used with each numbers. The same loading conditions apply as for the character set file. ore it gives up and tries a new number. This will probably not need to be more than 30 seconds for a local call, but for long distance or international calls it should be set longer. NOTE: Hayes type modems have a similar function im n (using the Initial Sequence) or when the dial command is sent (using the Dial Prefix). The second setting, Dial Pause, specifies the amount of time that DesTerm will wait between calls. The minimum time delay that will w  directory contains room for 16 entries -- simply select the one you wish to edit as if it were a menu option. You will see a new menu come up, that allows you to specify many parameters that are to be associated with that particula ed to hold the name of the system in question, but what you put in it is up to you. The Number is up to 16 characters long, and is sent to the modem without any conversions -- make sure that when combined with the dial string (de  duplicates of items found in either the Protocol Settings or Emulation Mode menus. For a complete description of each setting, please refer to the Protocol Settings and Emulation Mode sections. The Character Set parameter allows y! The creation of function key files will be discussed in the next section. Once you have entered all of your numbers, or filled up the directory you may save it by selecting the Save Telephone File option. You will be promp plemented internally (the S7 register). For greatest accuracy, use the modem's S7 register to set the wait time and enter a larger number into the DesTerm configuration. When the modem has waited the specified time and no connecti!op line is the status line, the next is the tab ruler. Unlike many other terminal programs, DesTerm offers a full 25 (52 in interlace) terminal lines plus the extra two lines at the top. The first item on the top line simply ann!y have been included completeness. MODE: DesTerm offers five different terminal emulation modes -- the mode field simply lets you know which one is currently selected. The possibilities are: ASCII -! menu (C= G and C= T). WRAP: This field is marked as W:. The wrap mode may be either on (Y) or off (N). If wrap mode is enabled, then when the cursor reaches the last column, it will simply jump to the ! ted for a filename (the default name is DES.TELEPHONE). If you only need one telephone file, then you may just press return to use the default. If you need multiple telephone files, then you will have to edit the name to make it uniqu! containing up to 32 characters. You may define as many sets of keys as you wish, saving each on disk to be recalled whenever you need them. To enter function key definitions, select the Define Functions option in the main menu, o! on keys, then give each set a unique name. If the function key file is to be associated with an entry in the telephone directory, be sure the names match! -10- DesTerm128 V1.02 ! ounces that you are using DesTerm, and which version you are using. The rest of the line will look something like: LEDS:OOOO MODE ANSI-25 W:Y B:C:49152 0:00:00 C1200-N-8-1-F This part of the status line is broken up into several ! - simple ASCII teletype. ANSI -- Full ANSI X3.64 with IBM ANSI additions. VT52 -- Digital Equipment Corporation's VT52. VT102 -- Digital Equipment Corporation's VT102. C= C/G -- Commodore 64 C! start of the next line and carry on. If wrap is not enabled, then the cursor will stay at the last column, and any more characters will be printed on top of the last. This mode may be changed in the Emul!e. If the file already exists, you are asked if you want to replace it -- if so, the file is replaced, otherwise the save is aborted. If you need another telephone file, simply edit the old definitions and save the directory aga!r press C= F. To change a definition, simply select the option corresponding to the function key you wish to edit. You may include control and escape sequences in the function definitions in the same way as for the Initial Sequence. ! Page 11 July 1989 5 Exploring the Terminal Mode ----------------------------- Before we carry on, it would be a good idea to get acquainted with the main terminal environment. The very t!fields, the meaning of each is as follows: LEDS: On a VT102 terminal, there are four Light Emitting Diodes that may be turned on and off by the host. Although only a few programs use them, the!olour Graphics. After the emulation mode is a number indicating the current screen length. possibilities are 23,24,25,50,51 and 52. Both of these settings may be altered in the Emulation Mode "ation Mode menu (C= G). NOTE: VT102 commands exist to allow the host system to switch this mode; see the Appendices for details. BUFFER: This field is marked as either B: or S:. If the capture buffer !in with a new name. Information on how to access multiple telephone files is given in the section 15.1. 4 Defining Function Keys ------------------------ DesTerm allows you to define up to eight function keys, each one !To save the function key definitions simply choose Save Functions. If you only want one set of function keys, you may select the default name (DES.FUNCTIONS) simply by pressing return. If you will be using several sets of functi"o Capture Buffer from Disk (Load) C= M Multiple Number Dial (Multiple) C= N Edit Telephone Number Database (Numbers) C= O Perform Disk Operations (Operations) C= P Pri"Xfer) C= Y Change Parity Mode. (paritY) C= Z Clear Screen (Local Only) (Zap) If you need help to remember some of the more obscure ones, simply press HELP. In the ASCII c"is currently in capture (buffer) mode, then it displays B:, otherwise the buffer is in send mode (S:). The character after the : is either C or O, depending on whether the buffer is closed (C) or open (O). T" 9 hours, 59 minutes and 59 seconds, the timer resets. CARRIER: The next field is the character before the speed. If there is a carrier present, this will display a C, otherwise it will be blank. " The current tab settings may be changed in the Emulation Mode menu (C= G). In VT102 mode, there are codes that change the tab stops automatically. Although the menus are very easy to use, they are often long and tedious. " (Capture) C= D Dial a single number from the directory (Dial) C= E Toggle the Duplex (Echo) C= F Define Function Keys (Function) C= G Change Emulation Modes & Parameters " nt Capture Buffer (Print) C= Q Clear Capture Buffer C= R Receive Files (Download) (Receive) C= S Send Files (Upload) (Send) C= T Change Terminal Emulation mode " haracter set, there are several codes that the Commodore 128 keyboard does not have legends (keytops) for. In order to generate those characters, the following keys must be used: -12- "he number after this is the number of bytes unused in the buffer. TIMER: The next field is an on-line timer. When a carrier is first detected, this field gets reset to 0:00:00, and advances (in second" -11- DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 12 July 1989 COMM: The last field specifies the current communications parameters. First comes the speed, then the d"To cut down the frustration, "hot keys" have been added. These sequences are accessed by pressing the commodore key (C= ) with one of the alphabetic keys. A list of the functions that each key performs (plus some hints on how to rememb" (Graphics) C= H Hang Up the Modem. (Hangup) C= I Input a Number and Dial it (Input) C= J Reset Terminal modes C= K Save from Capture Buffer to Disk (Keep) C= L Load t" (Terminal) C= U Change User Environment (User) C= V View Capture Buffer Contents (View) C= W Change Data Word Length (Word) C= X Change Transfer Options (# DesTerm128 V1.02 Page 13 July 1989 TO GENERATE ASCII PRESS ----------- ----- ----- \ (Oblique or Backslash) 92 # (English Pound) or SHIFT * ^ ("s) while the carrier is present. When the carrier drops, the timer stops (And does not get reset until another carrier becomes present). NOTE: This is not a clock, and as such cannot be explicitly set! After"ata length, parity, number of stop bits and finally the duplex mode. The tab ruler (second line from top) displays the position of the current TAB settings. Also displayed are the column numbers (starting at 0). "er them) follows: KEYS ACTION (& COMMENTS) ---- ------------------- C= A Redial the last number (Again) C= B Change Baud Rate (Baud) C= C Toggle Capture Buffer Mode # VT 11 CTRL/K FF 12 CTRL/L CR 13 CTRL/M or Return SO 14 CTRL/N SI 15 CTRL/O DLE 16 CTRL/P DC1 17 CTRL/Q or SHIFT/NO SCROLL DC2 18 CTRL/R #Caret) 94 Up Arrow _ (Underscore) 95 Back Arrow or SHIFT - ` (Back Apostrophe) 96 SHIFT + { (Open Brace) 123 C= : | (Vertical Bar) 124 SHIFT Up Arrow #ignal is not a normal character, but more of a gap in transmission. This gap often 'wakes up' certain systems, or can be used to halt certain operations. The use of the break signal is hardware dependant, and most systems have no use # rt of the main keyboard, the numeric keypad keys do not work for this purpose. A real VT102 keyboard has four function keys (marked PF1,PF2,PF3 and PF4). DesTerm uses the F1,F3,F5 and F7 keys to mimic the PF keys -- the m# d application), DesTerm will convert the codes as necessary: If the keyboard is in application mode, pressing '+' will have the same effect as pressing a ',' on a real VT102. If the keypad is in numeric mode, pressing the '+' key will# V1.02 Page 14 July 1989 ASCII# PRESS ASCII# PRESS ------ ----- ------ ----- NUL 0 CTRL/@ SOH 1 CTRL/A STX 2 CTRL/B # DC3 19 CTRL/S or NO SCROLL DC4 20 CTRL/T AAK 21 CTRL/U SYU 22 CTRL/V ETB 23 CTRL/W CAN 24 CTRL/X EM 25 CTRL/Y SUB 26 CTRL/Z ESC 27 CTRL/[# } (Close Brace) 125 C= ; ~ (Tilde) 126 SHIFT = DEL 127 HOME or DEL. Either the HOME or DEL keys may be used to generate an ASCII DEL character. In actual fact, #for it. To generate a break, press the Commodore and ESC keys simultaneously (C= ESC). As mentioned earlier in this document, DesTerm has eight user defined function keys -- in order to maintain maximum flexibility whilst #apping is fairly obvious: VT102 Commodore128 ----------- ------------ PF1 F1 PF2 F3 # send a the ascii code corresponding to '+' instead of ','. This re-mapping should not cause any confusion since it is obvious which mode is being used. It is also sometimes necessary to generate certain control codes. A l# ETX 3 CTRL/C or RUNSTOP EOT 4 CTRL/D ENQ 5 CTRL/E ACU 6 CTRL/F BEL 7 CTRL/G ES 8 CTRL/H HT 9 CTRL/I or TAB LF 10 CTRL/J or Linefeed or ESC FS 28 CTRL/# (English Pound) GS 29 CTRL/] RS 30 CTRL/^ (Up Arrow) VS 31 CTRL/- or CTRL/Back Arrow In the terminal mode, it is also possible to enable and disable the capture/send buffer. Pressi#it is possible to select the code (either BACKSPACE or DEL) that each of these two keys send. They may be programmed in the Emulation Mode menu (C= G). There exists another key sequence to send a BREAK signal. The break s#in VT102 and ANSI modes, the regular F1,F3,F5 and F7 keys are *NOT* used for this purpose. Instead, the eight function keys are called by pressing the Commodore key together with the appropriate number. NOTE: the number key must be pa# PF3 F5 PF4 F7 Also, a real VT102 has a ',' (comma) key in its keypad, while the Commodore 128 has a '+' (plus) key. Since a VT102 keypad has two modes (numeric an#ist of all 32 control codes and how they may be produced follows. NOTE: In Commodore Colour graphics mode, some codes are not the same, as to be compatible with Commodore. -13- DesTerm128